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Trademark Attorney & Business Legal Coach for Digital Entrepreneurs

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What is a Trademark and What Can You Trademark?

February 8, 2018 By Kelley Keller

What is a Trademark and What Can You Trademark?

Trademark law provides people, businesses, and organizations a way to protect the integrity of their brand names, images, and brand reputations in the marketplace. Through a series of rules and guidelines, trademark law helps us determine who owns particular marks and to define the scope of legal protection for those marks.

The textbook definition of a trademark tell us that trademarks consist of a particular word (e.g. DISNEY®), design (e.g. the apple logo used by APPLE®), or combination (e.g. the Wendy’s Logo) that are used to identify a unique source of goods or services.

Sometimes trademarks consist of a color (such as brown for UPS® shipping services) or trade dress, which is the distinctive look or packaging of a product. The unique style and color of the COCA-COLA® hourglass bottle is an example of protectable trade dress.

Trademarks play a vital role in commerce because they help consumers distinguish between the goods and services of one seller from another and guide purchasing decisions.

When Can a Trademark Be Protected by Law?

To receive legal protection, a trademark must be distinctive of the underlying goods or services and be in commercial use. Let’s take a closer look.

1. Distinctive

Trademark distinctiveness is a measure of the relationship between a particular mark and the goods or services it identifies. Highly distinctive marks bear little to no relationship to the marked products, whereas non-distinctive marks are not eligible for trademark protection because they contain words that merely describe the goods or services.

Marks that bear no relation to the underlying goods or services are inherently distinctive.  For example, the word KODAK has no meaning or relationship to photography products. Whereas marks that describe the underlying goods or services are not distinct and cannot initially receive trademark protection.

At one time, the mark HEALTHY CHOICE was considered descriptive for nutritious frozen meals. But over time, primarily through extensive marketing efforts and high sales, the mark became much more than a descriptive term. Consumers came to view it as a brand name they recognized and trusedt  When an originally descriptive mark comes to have a “second meaning” as a brand name in the marketplace, it will have acquired trademark distinctiveness and become legally protectable.

You can learn more about how to choose a strong mark in the Spectrum of Trademark Distinctiveness infographic.

 

2. Commercial Use

Trademark rights come from using the mark in commerce. Commercial use requires placement of a mark directly on products or their packaging (or in association with services or in the advertising of services) and offering them for sale or distribution to the public. Note that formally registering a trademark can expand trademark rights, but it cannot create them!

The Bottom Line

A trademark is a word, symbol, or combination used to identify the unique source of goods.  It can only be protected by law if it is distinctive and in commercial use.

About Kelley Keller

Kelley Keller, Esq. is an intellectual property (IP) attorney, speaker, and educator with two decades of experience in the IP field. She works with individuals and businesses in a wide variety of industries helping them transform their ideas, knowledge, and innovation into valuable business assets that drive profits. Kelley offers education to established businesses, startups, entrepreneurs, corporate executives, non-profits, government agencies, legal professionals, and students about starting and growing a business as well as about IP, social media law, and the importance of protecting valuable brand assets and creative work.

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What People are Saying about Kelley Keller

Lisa Frederiksen | Author, Speaker, Trainer, Consultant at BreakingTheCycles.com

Kelley works differently. After an initial phone conversation (I live in CA and she's in PA), she drafted a scope of work for both efforts and set a flat fee which included (and still includes) the back and forth conversations a client needs in order to get the best results. She is extremely knowledgeable and truly able to "hear" what I'm after and create meaningful legal documents and advice that have helped me immeasurably. I highly recommend Kelley Keller.
2016-04-23T10:27:42-05:00
Kelley works differently. After an initial phone conversation (I live in CA and she's in PA), she drafted a scope of work for both efforts and set a flat fee which included (and still includes) the back and forth conversations a client needs in order to get the best results. She is extremely knowledgeable and truly able to "hear" what I'm after and create meaningful legal documents and advice that have helped me immeasurably. I highly recommend Kelley Keller.
http://kelleykeller.com/testimonials/lisa-frederiksen/

Kelly Phillips Erb | Senior Editor at Forbes

Kelley was able to explain complicated legal issues in a manner that was easy to understand without being patronizing. She was also great at talking me down from ledges - it was easy to get worked up when opposing parties weren't being cooperative but Kelley advised me to trust in the process and she was right.

Kelley explained my costs and options, as well as the pros and cons of each. She also kept me informed about my matter, letting me know what I needed to do at the appropriate time. All in all, I felt very involved in the process without being overwhelmed. Kelley made a wildly stressful situation so much better. I would highly recommend her services.
2016-04-23T10:42:43-05:00
Kelley was able to explain complicated legal issues in a manner that was easy to understand without being patronizing. She was also great at talking me down from ledges - it was easy to get worked up when opposing parties weren't being cooperative but Kelley advised me to trust in the process and she was right. Kelley explained my costs and options, as well as the pros and cons of each. She also kept me informed about my matter, letting me know what I needed to do at the appropriate time. All in all, I felt very involved in the process without being overwhelmed. Kelley made a wildly stressful situation so much better. I would highly recommend her services.
http://kelleykeller.com/testimonials/kelly-phillips-erb-senior-editor-forbes/

Charlotte Avery | CEO at Being Charlotte Avery

Words cannot express how much I appreciate Kelley Keller. She has helped me and my business on so many levels. Whenever I have a question I always know that I can call her and she will give me the best advice/counsel. I know that my business is in good hands with Kelley.

Kelley, THANK YOU for EVERYTHING!!!
2016-04-23T10:46:03-05:00
Words cannot express how much I appreciate Kelley Keller. She has helped me and my business on so many levels. Whenever I have a question I always know that I can call her and she will give me the best advice/counsel. I know that my business is in good hands with Kelley. Kelley, THANK YOU for EVERYTHING!!!
http://kelleykeller.com/testimonials/charlotte-avery-ceo-charlotte-avery/

Ruth Koup | Founder of Suits to Careers, Inc., Dress for Success South Central PA & Tied to Success

Kelley Clements Keller, Esq has been a huge support to the launch of our new umbrella organization, Suits to Careers, Inc. and the branding and trademarking of our men's program, Tied to Success. We could not have navigated this transition without her support. Many thanks.
2016-04-23T10:49:27-05:00
Kelley Clements Keller, Esq has been a huge support to the launch of our new umbrella organization, Suits to Careers, Inc. and the branding and trademarking of our men's program, Tied to Success. We could not have navigated this transition without her support. Many thanks.
http://kelleykeller.com/testimonials/ruth-koup/

Matt Bloom | Founder & CEO of CRIMEWATCH Technologies, Inc.

Kelley is an exceptional IP attorney. She understands the legal nuances facing start-ups and is willing to work within those restrictions. Kelley is casual and easy to work with, but when it comes to legal action she is aggressive and takes charge. She has successfully helped us secure coexistence agreements and trademarks for our business. Here expertise has added exponential value to the technology we have built and I would highly recommend her to anyone seeking IP representation.
2016-04-23T10:53:29-05:00
Kelley is an exceptional IP attorney. She understands the legal nuances facing start-ups and is willing to work within those restrictions. Kelley is casual and easy to work with, but when it comes to legal action she is aggressive and takes charge. She has successfully helped us secure coexistence agreements and trademarks for our business. Here expertise has added exponential value to the technology we have built and I would highly recommend her to anyone seeking IP representation.
http://kelleykeller.com/testimonials/matt-bloom-founder-ceo-crimewatch-technologies-inc/

Zachary Ziegler | Brewmaster at Molly Pitcher Brewing Company

Kelley is not only extremely knowledgeable in the realm of intellectual property, but she made the whole process fun! It's not often you hear fun and legal work in the same sentence but Kelley's personality eased my worries while keeping me upbeat the whole time. She explained the entire process in language I could understand and kept me updated continuously. I would not hesitate to work with her again or refer her to my friends and family.
2016-04-23T10:54:48-05:00
Kelley is not only extremely knowledgeable in the realm of intellectual property, but she made the whole process fun! It's not often you hear fun and legal work in the same sentence but Kelley's personality eased my worries while keeping me upbeat the whole time. She explained the entire process in language I could understand and kept me updated continuously. I would not hesitate to work with her again or refer her to my friends and family.
http://kelleykeller.com/testimonials/zachary-ziegler-brewmaster-molly-pitcher-brewing-company/
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